Workforce issues in nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workforce issues in nursing - Research Paper Example Several workforce accounts have appeared in the last decade to describe the cause and influence of the general nursing scarcity on healthcare. The majority of these studies state that registered nurses consist of the prime healthcare profession, with two million positions (Sherman, 2006). A report documented by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations states that, 126,000 vacancies in nursing are not filled in health care institutions (Sherman, 2006). This means that, an overall scale of 13% for the positions is not occupied (Sherman, 2006). The State University of New York reports that, shortages in nursing were quoted as an important point by 90% of the countries involved (Sherman, 2006). A small number of female nurses join the profession due to the availability of employment chances for women in male controlled fields. Few students registered into nursing options as there was a recognized staff shortage, and an aging labor force going for retirement or roles that are stressful (Hart, 2006). The NSSRN reports that, the normal period of the entire registered nurses population was anticipated at the age of 45 in 2000, which is the maximum age since the research was initiated (Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach, 2000). Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach (2000) continue to indicate that very few staff members were below 40 years of age. This explains why a huge percentage of persons have a negative attitude towards the nursing profession. The extent of work satisfaction differs on where nurses perform their duties. Nurses employed in hospitals experience poor job satisfaction. Imbalanced staffing, hefty jobs, overtime, and insufficient wages are quoted as principal contributors to shortage in nursing (Sherman, 2006). In the course of my profession, I have experienced a lot of nurses working overtime with patients. I have also experienced

Seven Virtues Essay Example for Free

Seven Virtues Essay As long as there has been recognized sin in recorded history, there has been the virtuous equivalent by which good people live their lives. Before Christianity, there were the Pagan virtues, and when Christianity came into dominance in Scandinavia, it adopted these virtues and added several spiritual virtues of its own. Each virtue can be seen as a reflection of societal thought. The virtues tell how the ideal person lives their life, and this idea of the virtuous person is often reflected in literature. In fact, ever since the philosophical writings of Aristotle and the Greeks, there have been tales of characters who embody these virtues. The protagonist of Authun and the Bear exemplifies these seven virtues, and this technique can be seen in modern literature as well, particularly in the 1986 novel, Forrest Gump, by Winston Broom. The virtuous character used must be first defined as morally pure. This chastity sets about them an aura of childhood innocence in many representations. The seven heavenly virtues were first displayed in their current form in the epic poem, Psychomachia, around year 400 (Prudentius). They were the counterparts to the well-known seven deadly sins and chastity is perhaps the broadest of them all. It stresses the importance of honesty and purity of the soul in all walks of life. This was meant to be portrayed to society through the story of Authun and the Bear, as Authun lives a completely pure life in terms of morality. He is open and honest with all those he encounters throughout the story, even those who might otherwise be his enemies. When facing the rival king of Denmark, he maintains that he means to give his bear to Denmark’s king (Jones). By expressing this virtue in a traditional tale which was most likely passed on for years before being written down, it appealed to many people on a very personal scale. Authun may not have always lived the pure life he does in the current form because the story was written down after the shift away from shamanistic principles, when Christianity stressed the virtues. Ever since Christianity took hold as the dominant religion in Western society, there have been tales focusing on characters who represent the virtuous life. Forrest Gump is a modern example that distinctly outlines the idea of a pure character. He only has one love, is open and honest in all his dealings, and carries about a childhood innocence throughout the text. The effect of tales such as Authun and the Bear and Forrest Gump has made an undeniable mark on society; it has led to the reverence of a chaste life in all aspects of the word. In order to live a life of purity, one must also live by the virtue of temperance. Authun shows balance in many aspects of his life. Although he leaves on a journey for himself, he ensures that his mother is provided for before doing so (Jones). In Scandinavia, this can be seen as a shift away from the gluttonous pillaging of the Vikings. It was meant to impress upon the citizens that a life lived by moderation can be just as successful and fulfilling as an immoral life of greed. The vices were being brought to the light and this continued with many pieces of literature exposing them. Georg Stiernhielm, in Hercules, condemns gluttony through his personification of the vice in Ruus . This trend is prevalent all the way through to the 20th Century where in Broom contrasts the virtues Forrest with the greed of others in Forrest Gump. Forrest finds balance in his life by not overindulging in any one activity, but living a life of variety and virtue. _____________________ A clear offspring of the temperate life, is the participation in charity. For a society where it was once thought that the rich had the right to supplement themselves and let the poor remain poor, this was a monumental shift in social thought. This principle is displayed by Authun in his gift of the bear to the king of a foreign land, but more important is the reaction of the king. Kind Svein returns Authuns gift with marvelous treasure which Authun humbly accepts. The king also finds Authun a poor and sick man, but scorns those who scoff at him saying, â€Å"He has provided better for his soul than any of you† (Jones). With this new idea of Christian charity impregnated in traditional folk tales, Scandinavian society was able to move in a direction where assistance of the less fortunate was commended. This attribute of Authun and the Bear was especially standout for a time when kings meant to project images of power and might. Snorri Sturluson did not include the tale of Authun in his original book of King’s sagas, possibly meaning that the tale was created years later to suit Christian ideals. Either way, charity has been impressed on world culture as a virtuous characteristic, and has been noticeably prevalent in literature. While the virtuous character must be concerned with providing for others, he or she must also have intrinsic motivation to accomplish the tasks at hand. This is where the person of virtue must come to embody diligence. This virtue is set to combat the vice of sloth, which can be devastating to a productive society. By showing the success and happiness of a zealous man in Authun, the impression is that one can reach similar achievements by applying this motivation to their own life. This idea has been around many years as a necessary trait of citizens. In Plato’s Republic, the citizens are raised to work diligently at their tasks so that the entire city can prosper. Christianity saw the rewards of this work ethic and therefore preached that the virtuous life requires it. Forrest Gump continues this trend into the 20th Century by following the successful life of a man who excels at all tasks because of his persistence. Intelligence is not stressed in the virtues and neither Authun nor Forrest shows any signs of great intellect. Christianity did not need its followers to become extremely educated, because that was not deemed important for an ideal society. John Ruskin, a writer and critic of art, architecture and society in the 19th Century said, â€Å"Nearly all the evils in the Church have arisen from bishops desiring power more than light. They want authority, not outlook. † By teaching people to be diligent and hardworking rather than speculative and questioning, the Church gained power and authority through citizens who did not question its corruption at the time. Authun and the Bear was written prior to the Modern Breakthrough, where writers began questioning authority and tradition.

Non-Religious Celebrations Of Easter Should Be Done Away With Essay

NON-RELIGOUS CELEBRATIONS OF EASTER SHOULD BE DONE AWAY WITH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever sat back and thought about the different traditions that we celebrate in America as well as all around the world? Some of these traditions may include holidays, sporting events, and weddings. We celebrate certain traditions for religious reasons, for memorial reasons, and just for the fact that what we are celebrating is a tradition, and we wish to keep it that way. But some of the traditions that date back thousands of years have been altered from their original meaning. Easter is a perfect example of one of the traditions that has been altered to better suit our modern times. Originally, Easter was the celebration of the ascension of Jesus’ soul from the cross, on which he died, into Heaven. Today we have celebrations during Easter that include such things as a life-sized bunny, hard-boiled eggs that are dyed various pastel colors, and baskets, all of which have no religious significance. I think that the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with because they serve no relevance toward the original purpose of the tradition. Dyed eggs, bunnies, baskets, and so on do not provide us with any reason to have a celebration. Today we celebrate Easter by saying that there is an Easter bunny that will bring boys and girls candy and gifts as long a... Non-Religious Celebrations Of Easter Should Be Done Away With Essay NON-RELIGOUS CELEBRATIONS OF EASTER SHOULD BE DONE AWAY WITH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever sat back and thought about the different traditions that we celebrate in America as well as all around the world? Some of these traditions may include holidays, sporting events, and weddings. We celebrate certain traditions for religious reasons, for memorial reasons, and just for the fact that what we are celebrating is a tradition, and we wish to keep it that way. But some of the traditions that date back thousands of years have been altered from their original meaning. Easter is a perfect example of one of the traditions that has been altered to better suit our modern times. Originally, Easter was the celebration of the ascension of Jesus’ soul from the cross, on which he died, into Heaven. Today we have celebrations during Easter that include such things as a life-sized bunny, hard-boiled eggs that are dyed various pastel colors, and baskets, all of which have no religious significance. I think that the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with because they serve no relevance toward the original purpose of the tradition. Dyed eggs, bunnies, baskets, and so on do not provide us with any reason to have a celebration. Today we celebrate Easter by saying that there is an Easter bunny that will bring boys and girls candy and gifts as long a...

Impact of Ww1 on Canada

World War One had an impact on Canada both over seas and on the Canadian home front. It helped Canada develop a sense of national identity by gaining international status overseas. It gave women more jobs than working at home and but during the war there was the Conscription Crisis. These points impacted Canada greatly during and after WWI. In 1914 when World War One started, Canada was a legislative union, but Britain still controlled the foreign policy of all its dominions. So when Britain declared war on Germany the whole British empire was involved including Canada.As the war ended Canada met in Paris for the â€Å"Paris Peace Conference†. The conference was a big step towards Canada's independence. The main reason was, Prime minister Borden demanded that Canada have its own seat in the conference. Although there was great debate, in the end Canada acquired the seat. Fr the first time ever Canada was recognized as independent internationally. Before the war a woman's main job was to stay at home and look after the children as well as cook and clean. It was a while different story during the war.A mere 2800 woman served in the army as nurses in oversea hospitals. Other woman worked in Canada on jobs which would usually be called a â€Å"mans job†. For example woman where working in industrial sites since most of the men had left to war and there needed to be someone to supply and build arms as well as general items. Woman also worked operating fishing boats and working on farms. With this new era of woman working the government took notice that the woman weren't as fragile as they once believed. Woman seemed to be able to do a mans job good if not better.Then in 1918 women were granted the right to vote in federal elections, with the exception of aboriginal and immigrant woman. When war ended women stayed in the job force and worked alongside men. The conscription Crisis was a big deal off-seas as well as in Canada. This is because in 1917 thou sands of Canadians were killed or injured making the need to supply more soldiers immediate. Borden had promised there would be no conscription but as the war proceeded it became apparent they would need more soldiers if they wanted to win the war.Borden introduced the â€Å"Military Service Act†, which stated everyone able and fit under the guidelines of the act would have to fight in the war. There was outrage but unless the person hid there was no way of escaping going to war. World War One did have an impact on Canada both over seas and on the Canadian home front. It affected the woman and the men. The aboriginals and the immigrants. Almost everyone was affected by World War One one way or another.

Operator In A Call Centre In India

Suppose you are working as an operator in a call centre in India and receiving calls from Americans and Londoners. How would you handle such calls? Ans: As an operator first thing which I would try and ask politely would be that what is the route cause of the problem of the customer and would try and give time for explaining or removing out the frustration after which the customer would then have patience in listening to what we would try and explain.As an operator I would rectify the problem by all the better means and try to explain the customer in a better way that he would get convinced completely with the solution which could rectify the same. I would also make sure that the customer has any doubts or clarifications regarding the same and reconfirm the same from the customer about the solution explained to him was clear. As an operator I would co-operate with the customer to completely resolve the problem which ultimately satisfy the customer.I would also thank the customer for having the patience and giving us an opportunity to troubleshooting the issue and getting it rectified. I don?t want to speak to you. Connect me to your boss in the US,† hissed the American on the phone. The young girl at a Bangalore call centre tried to be as polite as she could. At another call centre, another day, another young girl had a Londoner unleashing himself on her, â€Å"Young lady, do you know that because of you Indians we are losing jobs? † The outsourcing backlash is getting ugly.Handling irate callers is the new brief for the young men and women taking calls at these outsourced job centres. Supervisors tell them to be „cool?. Avinash Vashistha, managing partner of NEOIT, a leading US-based consultancy firm says, â€Å"Companies involved in outsourcing both in the US and India are already getting a lot of hate mail against outsourcing and it is hardly surprising that some people should behave like this on the telephone. † Vashistha says Indi an call centre?s should train their operators how to handle such calls. Indeed, the furor raised by the Western media over job losses because of outsourcing

Antibiotics - Discovery and Resistance

Antibiotics - Discovery and Resistance Antibiotics and antimicrobial agents are drugs or chemicals that are used to kill or hinder the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics specifically target bacteria for destruction while leaving other cells of the body unharmed. Under normal conditions, our immune system is capable of handling the germs that invade the body. Certain white blood cells known as lymphocytes protect the body against cancerous cells, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites), and foreign matter. They produce antibodies which bind to a specific antigen (disease causing agent) and label the antigen for destruction by other white blood cells. When our immune system gets overwhelmed, antibiotics can be useful in assisting the bodys natural defenses in controlling bacterial infections. While antibiotics have proven to be powerful antibacterial agents, they are not effective against viruses. Viruses are not independent living organisms. They infect cells and rely on the hosts cellular machinery for viral replication. Antibiotics Discovery Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered. Penicillin is derived from a substance produced from molds of the Penicillium fungi. Penicillin works by disrupting bacterial cell wall assembly processes and interfering with bacterial reproduction. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, but it wasnt until the 1940s that antibiotic use revolutionized medical care and substantially reduced death rates and illnesses from bacterial infections. Today, other penicillin-related antibiotics including ampicillin, amoxicillin,  methicillin, and flucloxacillin are used to treat a variety of infections. Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more common. Due to the prevalent use of antibiotics, resistant strains of bacteria are becoming much more difficult to treat. Antibiotic resistance has been observed in bacteria such as E.coli and MRSA. These super bugs represent a threat to public health since they are resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. Health officials warn that antibiotics should not be used to treat common colds, most sore throats, or the flu because these infections are caused by viruses. When used unnecessarily, antibiotics can lead to the spread of resistant bacteria. Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. These common bacteria infect about 30 percent of all people. In some people, S. aureus is a part of the normal group of bacteria that inhabit the body and may be found in areas such as the skin and the nasal cavities. While some staph strains are harmless, others pose serious health problems including foodborne illness, skin infections, heart disease, and meningitis. S. aureus bacteria favor the iron which is contained within the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin found within red blood cells. S. aureus bacteria break open blood cells to obtain the iron within the cells. Changes within some strains of S. aureus have helped them to survive antibiotic treatments. Current antibiotics work by disrupting so-called cell viability processes. Disruption of cell membrane assembly processes or DNA translation are common modes of operation for current generation antibiotics. To combat this, S. aureus have devel oped a single gene mutation that alters the organisms cell wall. This enables them to prevent breaches of the cell wall by antibiotic substances. Other antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, produce a protein called MurM. This protein counteracts the effects of antibiotics by helping to rebuild the bacterial cell wall. Fighting Antibiotic Resistance Scientists are taking various approaches to deal with the issue of antibiotic resistance. One method focuses on interrupting the cellular processes involved in the sharing of genes among bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. These bacteria share resistant genes among themselves and can even bind to DNA in their environment and transport the DNA across the bacterial cell membrane. The new DNA containing the resistant genes is then incorporated into the bacterial cells DNA. Using antibiotics to treat this type of infection can actually induce this transfer of genes. Researchers are focusing on ways to block certain bacterial proteins to prevent the transfer of genes between bacteria. Another approach to fighting antibiotic resistance actually focuses on keeping the bacteria alive. Instead of trying to kill the resistant bacteria, scientists are looking to disarm them and make them incapable of causing infection. The intent of this approach is to keep the bacteria alive, but harmle ss. It is thought that this will help prevent the development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As scientists better understand how bacteria gain resistance to antibiotics, improved methods for treating antibiotic resistance can be developed. Learn more about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance: Scientists Target Bacterial Transfer of Resistance GenesDisarming Disease-Causing BacteriaBacteria Discovery Could Lead to Antibiotics Alternatives Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work. Updated 05/01/12. cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html

East Meets West

East Meets West This paper describes intriguing accounts of various encounters of people between the ninth and 17th century. Ibn Fadlan, an Arab Chronicler, gives an account of his encounter with the Rus (One of the Swedish tribes) in the ninth century. Fadlan experienced a different culture from his Arabic. He described it as an alien and backward culture. Referring to the Rus, he says, â€Å"They are the filthiest of God’s creatures†.[1]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on East Meets West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, gave a historic account of his first encounter with the Japanese people in the 15th century. He described the Japanese as the best people known among the heathens.[2] â€Å"Portuguese Views of Chinese†[3] is an account of the first impression the Portuguese had upon encountering the Chinese. Canton described the Chinese as foolish people without knowledge of war. He al so described, He also described the Portuguese plan to invade and conquer China through a military warfare[4]. â€Å"Commentary on Foreigners from Ming official† is a description of the opinions of the Chinese about foreigners. According to the commentary, the foreigners invaded China at first without much effect. They were friendly in their engagements. However, their settlement and participation in Chinese trade had become intolerable because of their infiltration of Chinese culture with their foreign cultures. The Ming official described a plan of evicting foreigners from the Kingdom of Ming in the commentary[5]. In general, East Meets West is a description of various encounters of people between ninth and 17th century. Each of the four encounters had a different reception by the involved parties. The Eastern and Western encounters formed a prelude to major trends in world history. Briefly, the four perspectives of encounters of different people in the past had similar rea ctions. St. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary of the 15th century, landed in Japan in 1552 on a missionary journey to spread Christianity. The warm reception he was given by the Japanese made him describe them as â€Å"courteous people†.[6] He described the Japanese as the best and most friendly people in the heathen world[7]. He described them as slow to anger and violence, despite their high regard for arms. Xavier also described the Japanese as people who had high regard for their arms and intolerance of contemptuous words and insults. He envisioned an easy missionary work of converting Japanese people to Christianity because of their high literacy and willingness to listen to foreign ideas. Besides many praises, Xavier also described the Japanese people as sinners because of their tolerance of some social evils such as the generational class system.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Fadlan described the Rus as a backward people with primitive cultural practices. He described the fondness and love of Rus men for women. He noted in his encounter that each man had several slave girls for his sexual gratification. This cultural orientation made Fadlan describe the Rus as filthy people with barbaric cultural practices. Backward funerary rituals and human sacrifice are among the cultural practices of the Rus people that Fadlan regarded as barbaric. These cultural practices are different from the Islamic practices known to Fadlan. He saw several men line up to have sex with one slave girl in a funeral ceremony[8]. Fadlan found this an awkward and filthy practice. Fadlan encountered the Rus on an emissary journey to the King of Bulgars of Middle Voga in 921 A.D. He was in service of the Caliph of Baghdad. The encounter can be described as positive because of the warm reception he was given by his horsts in their territory and guidance to understand th eir culture. The Portuguese people encountered the Chinese in the 13th century as trading partners. Although, their first voyages were navigational and missionary ventures for exploring new lands and spreading Christianity, the Portuguese also explored mineral resources that interested their country. The Portuguese exchanged silver with Chinese ceramics, silk, and cotton[9]. The Chinese people accorded the Portuguese visitors a warm reception and accommodation without resistance. The Portuguese took courtesy of their horsts for foolishness and cowardice. In a letter written by Canton in 1517, the writer described the Chinese as foolish and cowardly people who had never fought in a war. Canton also described them as people with high regard for themselves. He said that the Chinese people referred to foreigners as savages and their country as the kingdom of God[10]. Despite the warm reception towards the Portuguese, Canton described in the letter the ill motives of Portugal to attack a nd conquer this new foreign land. The Portuguese wanted to control Chinese trade and gain profit from the immense resources of China. They successfully besieged and took control of all trade routes in the Indian Ocean in the 15th and 16th centuries. They introduced the pass system, otherwise called the Cartaz, which required all merchants in the trade network to pay a fee to them. The commentary on foreigners from a Ming official was a negative reaction the Chinese people developed against foreigners. The Portuguese and Spaniards entered China as trade partners. However, their settlement in the Asian country caused inconveniences to the Chinese. The Portuguese infiltrated Chinese culture with western lifestyle, which the Chinese people considered backward. In this commentary, the Chinese people wished for the quick exit of all foreigners from their land[11]. This perspective differs from the first view the Portuguese had about the Chinese. The Portuguese viewed Chinese foolish and c owardly people in a rich territory for them to conquer. In the second perspective, the Chinese people discovered the ill motives of their visitors and wanted to terminate their relationship with them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on East Meets West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, the above description of the four perspectives showed that various people in the past reacted differently to encounters with others. Fadlan’s encounter with the Rus people was intriguing. He encountered a sharp clash of cultures and religious practices. Fadlan encountered funerary rituals that were unheard off in Baghdad. Xavier’s encounter with the Japanese people was awe striking. Xavier described the Japanese as the best people among the heathens. The Portuguese encounter with the Chinese people was very positive during the first time. However, with time, the Chinese developed hatred for foreigners because o f the clash between western culture and local Chinese culture. Bibliography Montgomery, James E. Ibn Fadlan and the Rusiyyah. Journal of Arabic and IslamicStudies 3, (2000):n.p. Print Tignor, Robert. Contact Comerce, and Colonization. 1450s-1600. In Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the Modern World from the Mongol Empire to the Present, by Robert Tignor, 511-550. New York : Norton Company, 2011. Print. Xavier, St. Francis. A Jesuit Missionary Gives His First Impression of Japan. (1549): .10-13. Print. Footnotes Montgomery, James. Ibn Fadlan and the Rusiyyah. Journal of Arabic and IslamicStudies vol. 3, 2000, par 8 Xavier, Francis. A Jesuit Missionary Gives His First Impression of Japan. (1549):10-13. Tignor, Robert. Contact Comerce, and Colonization. 1450s-1600. In Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the Modern World from the Mongol Empire to the Present, by Tignor Robert, 511-520. (New York,Norton Company, 2011), 545 Ibid., 519. Ibid., p.546 Xavier, p. 10, par 2 Ibid., 9, par 2 Montgomery, par 7 Tignor, p.519 Tignor, p. 520. Ibid., 546