Yom Kippur Arab Israeli Essay

This attack not only compromised Israeli security, however the Intangible onscreen was Israel's acknowledgement of their own hubris that formed after the success of the 1 967 Six Day War. As such, this prompted the shift in government, which ushered in a new, more hard-lined political party who promised settlement of the occupied territories and most significantly, maintained hostility and negated peace with the Arabs.Moreover, the Yon Kipper wars contribution Instigated the beginning of a new mindset for both the Arabs and Israelis; the conflict thus become one of strategy and leverage with the West in the attempt of maintaining supremacy. Such leverage saw the Arab world recognize the power they had over the West, most significantly the United States as they were the world's supplier of oil. This as a result fragmented the irresolute alliance the United States upheld with Israel and achieved in the sense where it made the world question the problems running rampant in the Middle Ea st.It was also because of the Yon Kipper War whereby the once disenfranchised PLOP gained International recognition and most significantly, the recognition for the need for peace and negotiations was widespread in order to resolve the evolving Arab-Israeli conflict. The Yon Kipper war can be seen as a trigger that initiated a new, revised attitude in the state of Israel. Upon the conclusion of the 1967 Six Day War, Israel emerged as the victorious underdog who quashed Its Arab foes despite unrealistic, almost impossible odds.It was because of this mindset, this â€Å"adolescent† stage In Israel's development whereby the nation's vulnerability was exposed as they were essentially caught off guard. Nevertheless, despite early setbacks, Israel was victorious in the Yon Kipper War however, Israel now recognized their defensible borders which revered as buffer zones had not been as defensible as they were thought to be thus resulting In the breach by the Egyptian and Syrian forces .In the process of Israel's retaliatory attack, they gained more territory from both Syria and Egypt and In the process of this, 12 000 Arabs and 2000 Israelis were killed. The Yon Kipper can be seen as being an important instrument of contribution to the conflict because it instigated the removal of the moderate Israeli Prime Minister Gold Meir who was discredited along with Mosher Dana the deference minister for their incompetence in retention the state against attack. Pong the removal of Meir and her labor government, the right-wing conservative opposition party the Liked was elected In promised consolidation and settlement of the occupied territories which only further added to the existing hostility amongst the Arabs. Thus, it was through the 1973 Yon Kipper war whereby Israel once against emerged victorious, however now had a firm grasp on the futility of war and their precarious position within it. Ties with the United States strengthened even further as a result of this, and was welcomed by theUS as the nation was now seen as a strategic ally that was capable of defending themselves instead of being a liability as was thought before. It was through US assistance whereby Israel gained arms and doubled its military size over the next three years that resulted in the deterioration of Arab/American relations and most importantly, the growing hostility and antagonism that was being provoked in the Middle East. Seen as the mechanism that changed the course of the war, and the world's involvement within it, Yon Kipper can be seen as the main proponent that ransomed the Arab-Israeli conflict into a war of strategy and leverage.In realizing the dependency the West had in the Middle-East for oil, the Arabs recognized that in order to progress within the war, a new strategy had to be employed; one of â€Å"quid pro quid'. On 17 October 1973, the Organization of Arab Oil Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC adopted a Saudi-led mania Plan† whereby oil producer s would not sell oil to pro-allies countries, but would continue to sell to â€Å"friends and maybe â€Å"neutrals†. Due to this, the world was plunged into turmoil as global prices increased by 400% from SIS$3. O to SIS$12. 0 per barrel, as well as costing the US 500 000 Jobs and between SIS$10-US$20 billion. Such was the time where the world had such a strong dependency on oil, that it could simply not function without thus prompting the international community- especially the US, USSR and Europe to address the issue of the Oil Embargo. Almost immediately the SEC (European Economic Community) urged Israel to end its occupation of the occupied territory seized in 1967 and stated that the ‘legitimate rights' of Palestinians should be taken into account in any settlement in order to appease the Arabs.Henry Kissing – US Secretary of State also arranged a cease-fire between Egypt and Israel and placed a UN force between them causing Israel to cede western-Sinai in 1975. This was a great victory for the Arabs as they had made more progression through the oil embargo than through their countless attempts of gaining back territory through terrorism and violent attacks. The overwhelming significance of the oil embargo can be accredited with tempering the previously unqualified support for Israel by both the US and Europe.Essentially, without the Yon Kipper war, the Arabs would not have ad that final blow of realization that in order to â€Å"win back† the land which they claim is rightfully theirs, diplomatic measures had to be employed. In crippling the world of oil, the Arabs were able to gain international recognition for their cause and lead the world to question the situation of the Middle East and Israel's involvement within it.This change in psychology ultimately instigated the continual game of leverage between the Arabs and the West and saw the rise of the effectiveness of diplomacy causing more damage than ironically, violence it self. The conflict as such, matured uniqueness of the conflict now involved the world. The oil embargo can be seen as an example that initiated the concept of â€Å"maturing beyond fighting† which as a result, saw the employment of diplomatic warfare which auspiciously entangled prominently the US and Europe in direct economic and diplomatic relations and consequences- often detrimental.While Israel could claim to be the military victor, Egypt, Syria and the Arab cause in general were clearly the political victors. Ultimately the Arab states emerged as an economic and political power thus reinforcing the nutrition of Yon Kipper into shaping the Arab-Israeli Conflict. The 1973 conflict provided the initiative and realization of the need for a peaceful resolution. By contrast, success in the Yon Kipper war was seen as restoring Arab honor, resulting in far more public support for peace.Subsequent peace negotiations foresaw the Arab nations- even the more â€Å"extremist† and Israel to the negotiating table for the first time. Never before had negotiation between the opposing forces been achieved, however, despite the call for unity in resolving the moon problem, the act of negotiating drew a schism amongst the Arabs- especially Egypt and Syria as Syria was not interested in anything but the annihilation of Israel and as such, maintaining the conflict.One of the most prominent peace negotiations was the 1978 Camp David Accords, whereby Egyptian president Sad surprised the world by speaking at the Israeli Knees about his desire for permanent peace and so, he demanded the withdrawal of Israel from all occupied territories and in the process, recognize Palestinians right to self-determination. Sad himself realized hat in order for Egypt to regain the Sinai, diplomatic relations with the US had to improve to a great degree in order to for Israel to be persuaded to compromise.Such was the legacy of Yon Kipper whereby the realization of the necessity for political settlements was the key in preventing future war. The First Accord signed at Camp David was the â€Å"Framework for peace in the Middle East† and as such called for negotiations among Egypt, Jordan and Israel and representatives of the Palestinians people to settle in the West Bank and Gaza. The Second Accords â€Å"A Framework for the inclusion of a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel† however was the draft proposal peace agreement that stated the withdrawal of Israel from the Sinai over three years and the full restoration of area to Egypt.Yet again was leverage used in this case as in return for this, Egypt would allow Israeli ships free passage through the Suez Canal which was again in use after significant US funding. This form of negotiation between Egypt and Israel signaled the departure from the Egyptian mantra of â€Å"no peace, no recognition, no negotiations† to the full recognition of Israeli tattooed and with that, Israel's right to a pe aceful existence.This act of recognition was inherent as it further alienated Syria from Egypt as both accords while superficially promoting peace and gaining back territory, the future of Jerusalem and the Goals Heights were not discussed despite Egypt previous assertions to Syria who grew increasingly violent and hostile. As a result of the Camp David Accords which were a product of the Yon Kipper War, Sad was labeled a traitor in the Arab world and the accords in general were rejected.Pan-Arab nationalism was destroyed s there was a deep divide between the hard-lined and more moderate Arab nations, Jordan and Saudi Arabia still rejected peace with Israel as they had still not conceded rightfully owned Arab land. Due to the events sparked by the 1973 war, a deep schism was felt in the Arab world as Sad, the champion of the Arabs was deemed a traitor as he reached a superficial resolution with Israel in the pursuit of fiscal rewards and economic gain through the US- the main ally o f Israel.This divide within the Arab world ultimately prolonged the complexity of the conflict and subsequently rated a conflict within a conflict, that being Arab nations growing increasingly violent and hostile towards one another; thus contributing greatly to the total Arab- Israeli Conflict. In some ways the â€Å"winners† of the war the PLOP achieved in becoming the sole, recognized representatives of the Palestinian people and as such were successful in gaining recognition from the international community.This form of recognition, resulted in a shift in thinking away from ‘armed struggle' toward a view that diplomacy was the path to Palestinian statehood. Through the emergence of the PLOP ND their legitimacy, the balance of power shifted as Palestine was becoming its own independent fighting entity, thus damaging the image of King Hussein who regarded himself as the spokesperson of the Palestinians. This then forced Israel to come face to face with the PLOP and no t Hussein whom they preferred for negotiation.It was thought that as long as Hussein was the spokesperson for the Palestinians, Israel could claim that â€Å"Jordan IS Palestine† thus denouncing the Palestinian claim to the occupied territories and as such vetoing their claim to a statehood within Palestine. Under the leadership of Arafat, the PLOP engaged in various acts of terrorism throughout 1973 conducting numerous assassinations, hijackings and kidnappings shepherded by fanatics imitating Black September.This form of opposition to Israel was very unsuccessful as it outraged the world and as such alienated the West from sympathizing with the Palestinians. It was through this that the PLOP had to adopt more moderate practices and adopt the acceptance of a â€Å"Two-State Solution†. On 13 Novo 1974, Arafat spoke before the General Assembly of UN speaking on behalf of the PLOP and calling for a democratic, secular state in Palestine which did not include recognition and acceptance of Israel.Arafat famously concluded by saying â€Å"l have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter's gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand† thus foreshadowing the precarious future due to the instability of power and reason. It was through the catalytic realization of Yon Kipper, whereby Arafat did indeed note that in order to gain international sympathy and convince the rest of the world in aiding the Palestinian cause, peace through the form of policy had to be achieved, instead of the continual violent acts of war and terrorism.It was through the 1973 Holy War, whereby the balance of power began to shift as well as the psychology of the conflict which as a result ironically added further complexity as protest in the form of diplomacy embroiled the rest of the world thus continuing the conflict and its resolution to 1996. In conclusion, the Yon Kipper War is of great contribution to the Arab-Israeli conflict as it caused the paradigm s hift in the psychology and methods of warfare. This was hope of achieving peace that would satiate all belligerents.

Uniform of German SS Soldiers

Baggy, and they had high goth like boots except withut the buckles, andthere top had a swastika on one of the sleeves. The German uniforms varied in color and style. By Also on the tunic was Edelweiss Pirates an Iron Eagle Just above the left breast pocket. hey would gather together and act in a manner that they would know would anger the local Nazi leaders. Whereas the Nazi Party required Hitler Youth members to wear a uniform that was semi-military, Edelweiss members wore more bohemian lothing, knowing that it would anger the powers-that-be.They also sang songs that the Nazis had banned and played music that was also banned, such as Jazz and blues tunes. They created areas within a town or city where members of the Hitler Youth were not tolerated. At no stage were they ever a danger to the Nazi regime and for years they were seen as nothing more than a youthful irritant – youths going through that phase in their lives where rebellion (as they perceived it) was the order of t he day. ey also offered a way of life outside of the strangulating Nazi regime.Between 1936 and September 1939, the Nazi authorities saw the Edelweiss Pirates as little more than a small-scale irritant. However, attitudes changed during World War Two when the authorities believed that the Edelweiss Pirates were responsible for collecting British anti-Nazi propaganda leaflets dropped by Bomber Command at the start of the war and posting them through letterboxes. This was seen as being more than Just an irritation; it was classed as blatant subversion.

Sexuality and Gender in the Therapeutic Relationship

Sexuality and gender in the therapeutic relationship There is a minefield awaiting the counsellor who has not given much time in the study of gender issues in the therapeutic relationship. When we enter a room to see a client, we are encouraged to bring ourselves as a complete person, so we can create a relationship with the client, and thus facilitate the changes he/she needs. To bring ourselves into the relationship we bring all aspects of our identity including our sexuality and our sexual hang-ups and our pre-conceived gender notions. In spite of the fact that we are in a post-Victorian, post Irish catholic guilt, post free love time. We all carry the accumulated burden of our forefathers, educators policy makers and others. Firstly being male or female dictate how we deal with any situation. Whether its talking to our mothers to opening a can. Our gender and how we perceive ourselves in it informs our view of the world. If we look at the profession itself as a whole, counselling is defined by gender. Simply put there are more female counsellors than male by a huge factor. Also there are many more female clients than male. This tells us volumes. The profession is a caring one and is top heavy with those whose gender attract them to the caring professions. This puts a gender bias on all that psychotherapy does. Also the predominance of female clients can put the few male counsellors on their guard. This is because the person sitting opposite us in the room is our client, but also is a woman, with physical attributes and a subject of attraction to the male counsellor. Counselling is a one-to-one relationship that exists between two humans in which one is the focus ant the other is the companion or guide. The sex of the two protagonists is probably the first aspect that will impress upon either one. â€Å"The client coming for the first time might already know that she or he will be seeing a man or a woman. She might have certain expectations as result of this knowledge, for example she might expect a woman to be gentle and supportive and a man to be more judgemental and confrontational. † Palmer (1997) Therapy will tend to be dominated by the structures that society imposes on both the counsellor and the client. Once the therapist is aware of this here are two ways he/she can go. First they can try to act as if they are a â€Å"tabla rasa† or blank slate and be as neutral as possible and hope that by being counsellor first and a sexual being second. This is guaranteed to be a failure, primarily because the blank slate idiom is aspirational and not very practical. Also it goes against concreteness as the therapist will not be â€Å"there† in any real sense and wil l not function in any valid person centred way. The other alternative is â€Å"Explicit treatment†, which put gender issues at centre stage of therapy. This requires a clear understanding of the gender position of both protagonists in the therapeutic relationship. The dynamic between both is not a static situation as the initial meeting causes automatic reaction in the therapist. For example when faced with an attractive female client a male counsellor may think. â€Å"Nice smile, good legs† or â€Å"not pretty†, etc.. This gives way to â€Å"Good speaker, Lovely laugh,. † Then the presenting problem is aired and it would be hoped that the â€Å"skilled helper† mentality kicks in. But the societal hooks have dug into the therapist and may affect his relationship with the client. So until gender is expressed in some way it is hidden and can surface in an unhelpful way. There are many ways that this can be expressed. If part of the problem is self confidence issues, there would be a perfect lead in to a confidence boosting â€Å"You see yourself as ugly but you are an attractive woman with a strong personality. † for example. If the client dresses attractively it may be how she always dresses, perhaps as armour against the world. When people begin to see a counsellor they often see this as a new beginning and the attractive dress of the client might be an expression of her â€Å"newâ€Å" personality, making a strong effort to face the world more robustly, and to leave it uncommented on might do harm to her new-found confidence. Also it may be simple transference, so this should be explored in the therapeutic relationship. Other Gender Issues In our world we are also subject to the â€Å"Dominant Discourse† of our society. These are the system of statements, practices, and structures that share a common value and sustain a world view. It is so easy to let our societies be reflected in the therapy room, especially how we view gender. The best way to insure that society's dominant discourses do not alter the desired â€Å"shape† of therapy is to make gender issues explicit in the therapy dialogue when relevant to the discussion. Explicit treatment can lead to reconstructions of the dominant discourses or at least an opening up to alternative discourses. We make assumptions when we meet clients, Housewife, business man, etc.. The male therapist may feel pressured to â€Å"fix† his female clients â€Å"problems† A female therapist may feel the need when dealing with a male client to display a very strong nurturing role and may avoid challenging her client into action. Conversely the therapist may, when facing a powerful man with attitude to match may become businesslike and direct because that is what society tells us to do when we â€Å"do business†. Same sex client and counsellor can be a problem too. Two people, especially if their backgrounds are similar, can collude with one another and not challenge if the therapist is not aware of the human tendency to let a cosy cartel of collusion to develop between two people of the same sex. There also may be a frisson between two people of the opposite sex and may cause an unease between them just because they are the opposite sex and carry whatever societal burden is imposed on them. The above attitudes are â€Å"static† and can be monitored and adjusted if the counsellor is aware of their presence and their effect can be lessened by self examination, supervision and personal therapy. But there is a more insidious side to gender issues. This is a â€Å"fluid† attitude change. If a male counsellor has been out for a game of rugby with his friends he could have a more â€Å"macho† base to his personality than if he has recently left the embrace of his loving wife and family. This could affect his dealings with a client. How we interact with our fellow man is affected by our experiences immediately before meeting them. An incident while driving may put us in an emotional state where our patience with the opposite sex may be compromised. There is an unfortunate side effect in the way society loudly defines our gender and how it manifests itself. We can become so preoccupied by our gender and the its affect on us in the counselling room that by being careful about how it affects us that we cease to be effective in our dealing with another human. AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW Janet Shibley Hyde of the University of Wisconsin-Madison has reviewed evidence from studies on cognition, communication, social and personality variables, psychological well-being, motor behaviours and other variables. She has turned all these aspects of gender in to one â€Å"meta survey† and came to the conclusion that fully 78% of the much vaunted differences between me and women are small or close to zero. (Hyde, 2005). There are 3 main areas of difference. Sexuality – in particular attitudes to sex in uncommitted relationships, Aggression – Men are usually the more aggressive . Motor performance – Men are better at throwing, jumping, running and such. So why are we so hung up on our differences if there are so few between the genders? Society has painted them in lurid colours and made us believe they are intractable. Perhaps it is not our position as men or women, but our position as humans that looks for differences that are not there, to define us as people. It also reminds us that rather than accuse the nebulous â€Å"Society† of putting a bias on our view of other humans we should remember that we are society ourselves. As Hyde puts it â€Å"It is time to consider the costs of over inflated claims on gender differences. Arguably, they cause harm in numerous realms, including women’s opportunities in the workplace, couple conflict and communication, and analyses of self-esteem problems with adolescents. Most important, these claims are not consistent with the scientific data. † Hyde (2005). Also there is the concept of gender as limiting rather than defining. Judith Butler (1956-) is Professor of Comparative Literature and Rhetoric at the University of California, Berkeley, and is well known as a theorist of power, gender, sexuality and identity. In her most influential book Gender Trouble (1999), Butler gave the history of feminism, a much vaunted alternative to the common view of gender, and argued that they had made a mistake by trying to assert that ‘women' were a group with common characteristics and interests. That approach, Butler said, performed ‘an unwitting regulation and reification of gender relations' — and reinforced the simplistic binary view of gender, albeit from an alternative view. If there are only two sides then no matter what side we choose we still support a simple binary view. Rather than opening up possibilities for a person to form and choose their own individual identity, â€Å"masculinism† never did it and feminism has closed the options down. Butler argues that sex (male, female) is the cause of gender (masculine, feminine) which is seen to cause desire (towards the other gender). Butler's approach is basically to destroy the supposed links between these, so that gender and desire are flexible, unmoored from biology and not 'caused' by other stable factors. Butler says: ‘There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender; †¦ identity is performatively constituted by the very â€Å"expressions† that are said to be its results. ‘ Butler J. (1999) . In other words, gender is a performance; it's what you do at particular times, rather than a universal who you are. In the counselling room we may be victims of this binary problem. CONCLUSION As I read back over this essay I find that I have no personal recognisable stance on the issue of gender and sexuality. Perhaps I have had the fortune to be brought up in a liberal, forward thinking household and am less affected by society’s strictures. But alternatively I may be carrying around significant biases but not realise it. Also, if Hyde is right, I may be carrying around biases for differences that in the main part do not exist and this essay is a figment of my own imagination, an illusion that I share with the rest of humanity. And if I carry such a burden, the all of my fellow human carry similar ones so perhaps they cancel each other out. If we are to be real in the counselling room and we subscribe to Ms. Butlers ideas that unless we are careful to separate from gender we continue to perform the dance that we have been trained to do for millennia. BIBLIOGRAPHY Palmer Stephen, McMahon Gladeana, (1997), â€Å"Handbook of Counselling† page 272, Routledge. New York. Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581-92. And 590. Butler Judith (1999) â€Å"Gender Trouble† p 25. Routledge New York

Short articles about sex, gender and society Essay - 1

Short articles about sex, gender and society - Essay Example Her decision to be a boy was met with chastisement, as are transgender people (etc.), because they defy the norm of two genders, male and female. In the article about being fat and then losing the weight, she experienced a radically different social sentiment about her. She was labeled as fat, which has stereotypical implications in which society sees the fat individual as, perhaps, stupid and socially irrelevant. When she became thin, people began to praise her, believe in her health-consciousness, and talk about being fat in a negative connotation as though she had evolved and was now smart enough to avoid gaining excessive weight again. None saw the real person, just a label of fat that carried negative social opinion, not allowing society to see the authentic nature of her personality and character. She suddenly found social belonging after losing weight, which again speaks toward society’s prejudices that attempt to define how a person should be categorized within a broader societal context. While in â€Å"Fifty Shades of Gay†, the speaker states that she fits in a gray area, being attracted to both men and women, how society views her is complicated. She had to learn to reject some of this social sentiment to become familiarized with her true self, one that does not fit the stereotypical norms of gender and sexuality. She learned who she truly is: An individual that defies such norms and has learned to find peace and comfort with her own decision-making that is relevant for her own needs and desires. I think that someone knows who they are when they are willing to be somewhat non-conformist to society’s expectations. By getting in touch with what mechanisms drive their sexuality (as one example), they can be confident and satisfied even though the world does not recognize their social significance. The individual discussing her weight loss had a

Assess the claim that both sex and gender are systems of social Essay

Assess the claim that both sex and gender are systems of social classification - Essay Example This essay will involve the analysis of whether sex and gender are part of the social classification systems. Just like races and ethnic categorization in the society, gender and sex are socio-historical determined. Gender develops as people grow in the society, and it depends on the societal beliefs and cultural practices. It does not fall into the group of things people are born with but rather something that people do. Sex refers to the biological differences in the hormonal profile and the external sex organs while gender refers to the characteristics of the society or culture, and they categorize the people in the community as either masculine or feminine. For instance, societies have responsibilities and identities associated with either the masculine or feminine in the society. The acquisition of gender characteristics come through the socialization process and the interaction of people in the society (Strathern 1995). Socialization involves the acquisition of the values and traditions in the society and it takes place in a gradual form as one grows. A child born in a given setting will grow up holding on the values applicable in that community. This indicates that the society plays an i mportant role in defining the gender roles according to the sex of an individual. The common sense in the current society differentiates culture into two different aspects of human beings. The biological sense of womanhood lies in the womb, however, culture and societal values have transformed the definition of a woman (Stolcke, p.18). The analytical concept of gender challenges the universal biological concept because of the variations in the societal values. Martin egg outlines that the society believes in the cultural values to define biological concepts regarding human beings. The scientific books define male and female as egg and sperm. The society believes that the biological

Interface's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interface's - Research Paper Example Practical application of GUI includes their significant role in solving problems in computing and the generation, design and development of programs during the processes of programming. Interfaces An Interface In information and communication technology the word interface or user interface is a concept that refers to a set of tools which facilitate the interaction between the user and a computer system (Takouachet, Couture, Reuter, Joyot, Riviere & Verdon, 2012). There are two main types of user interfaces. These are software and software user interfaces. These interfaces use a specific protocol which contains a framework of rules that define the manner in which users interact with computer systems (Su, Mavroidis, Shi, Ferreira & Papanikolaou, 2010). Browsers such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer are good examples of software interfaces. In this regard, software user interfaces are software applications. These applications are written with the use of Java programming language and as a result they are supportive of internet applications and online communications through the World Wide Web (Liqiong & Poole, 2010). On the other hand, hardware interfaces represents the physical components of a computer such as a graphic card which enhance the visualization of the software user interfaces and hence make them robust in their application (Sperling, 2007). The Role of Interfaces in GUI Applications Graphic user interface (GUI) is a form of user interface which is characterized with graphical representation of icons and menus to facilitate the interaction of the users with computer systems (Su, Mavroidis, Shi, Ferreira & Papanikolaou, 2010). The GUI was designed to overcome the problem of manual entry of commands in orthodox computing such as DOS OS. Therefore GUI allows users of computer systems use the mouse for efficient dragging of objects by simply clicking on them (Takouachet, Couture, Reuter, Joyot, Riviere & Verdon, 2012). Unlike the DOS OS which is comm and based, Mac and Windows OS are the most common forms of GUI. The application of GUI in contemporary computing demonstrates the roles of interfaces in computing. Interfaces within GUI applications play a significant role of making computing easy to learn and apply. This makes even novice users of computers to operate GUI applications such as browsers with ease (Liqiong & Poole, 2010). The various computer application such as copying and moving files within computer storage or memory locations are made easier through the use of GUI as opposed to entering commands manually (Kroeker, 2011). In addition, the GUI allows an interactive communication between the user and computer system. This is demonstrated by the responses that the interface displays for the user such as confirmation of dilatations (Liqiong & Poole, 2010). For example Microsoft applications are designed to provide users with immediate feedback during their interaction with the user including error messages and help fac ilities. In this regard, interfaces provide users with possible errors and problems in computing with consequent suggestion of solutions (Su, Mavroidis, Shi, Ferreira & Papanikolaou, 2010). Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox is a common example of browser software which provides an effective GUI. This browser is likable because of its user friendliness. This is achieved through the use of

The need theories of motivation are culturally based Essay

The need theories of motivation are culturally based - Essay Example David McClelland classifies the needs of motivation into three categories, which include the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power. People are often motivated to work towards achieving organizational goals mainly because the activities satisfy important needs that they crave. The need to satisfy one’s shortcomings is the best motivating factor from within an individual that acts as a driving force in the organizational environment among employees. This principle of self-interest is often referred as what is in it for me (WIITFM) (Dubrin, 2011, p.391). However, the need theories of motivation are classified by Maslow as hierarchical. Needs are satisfied beginning from the lower basic needs towards higher needs to serve as motivating factors for employees. Once lower needs have been achieved, the need ceases to be a motivating factor and therefore higher needs must be provided to motivate the employees. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs states t hat the lowest needs are the primary needs for survival, which must first be satisfied, followed by the secondary needs such as the need for safety. The higher needs after primary and secondary needs include the need for love, sense of belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization (Milliken & Honeycutt, 2004, p.73). McClelland's Theory of Needs Acquired theories proposed by David McClelland state that individual's personal needs are gradually acquired over a period of time with respect to the cultures and life experiences with which individuals grow up with. In general, these acquired needs, according to David McClelland, are classified into the need for achievement, power, and affiliation. These theories are referred to as learned need theories that motivate and influence the efficiency and effectiveness of employees under the working environment they are subjected. The need for achievement influences people to have a strong desire to become excellent in whatever work they do and t herefore have the tendency to evade tasks that are either high risk or low risk. Individuals with the need for achievement have the perception that low-risk tasks have no genuine success due to ease with which the success can be attained. These kinds of individuals’ tasks have fifty to fifty percent chance of success and may work best if periodically given a feedback concerning the progress of their success. Efficiency and effectiveness of high achievers may also be attained if they are given the chance to work alone or to work with highly successful individuals. The need for affiliation with other people may also improve effectiveness of employees if attained. Some individuals desire to have a harmonious relationship and feel accepted among the people they work with through conformity with norms of a work group. Individuals with a high need for affiliations are able to work well under working conditions that provide adequate personal interaction. Such needs fit best in worki ng environments such as customer services and employee-to-employee interaction situations (Pynes, 2008). The need for power as a motivating factor exists in two categories: institutional and personal need. Individuals with the need for personal power have the tendency of directing others even if unnecessary, while individuals with th

Creating Your Dream Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Creating Your Dream Job - Essay Example It involves a comprehensive evaluation of an investor’s current and future financial condition by using the current variables to predict future cash flows, value of assets and withdrawal plan. In formulating a business plan, the proprietor must hire the services of tax and financial professionals who enables him to estimate with greater degree of accuracy the financial requirements (Abrams, 2005, p. 248). Financial plan objectively requires before executing a Bookstore small business. This is because a lump sum of capital must be invested to facilitate the establishment and operational needs of finance. It requires a huge amount of capital simply because there are many competing needs such as purchasing of storehouse, the furnishing of stall and stocks required. In addition to this, more finance is required to establish a modern Bookstore that will remain competitive in the Bookstore market. General financial planning The business operates using a store within the town. All le gal formalities of purchasing storehouse will be initiated. The store is worth $ 50,000 which will be finances using two available sources of finance, business mortgage and personal savings. The firm will aim at minimizing the overall debt of finance by taking different loan portfolios and diversified financial investments. The loan will be acquired from local bank based on the interest charged and most preferably, the bank shall offer loan at relatively lower price. In addition to this, measures have to be taken to provide financing for any emergency financial needs of the firm. To this end, regular saving will be made on the firm’s saving account. The main goal of this strategy is to ensure continuity in business operations even under unfavorable market conditions. Special circumstances Prior establishment of the business, considerations have to be made on special circumstances that may occur in day-to-day operation of business. Such circumstances include legal conflict, pr obability of loss due to uncertain events, tax noncompliance dispute and so on (Abrams, 2005, p. 250). To this end, the firm intent to establish various departments under administration to cater for this unforeseen circumstance and financial allocation

Financial project report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Financial project report - Essay Example Secondary Research........................................................................................... 27 5.4. Strengths and Limitations. 31 6. Ethical Considerations........ 32 7. Timetable and any special resources required.... 32 8. Conclusions............................................................................................................... 34 9. Recommendations.................................................................................................... 34 10. References. 35 11. Appendices................................................................................................................. 39 Appendix I............................................................................................................. 39 Appendix II........................................................................................................... 41 Appendix III........................................................................................................... 42 1. How does the financial crisis affect the students 2. Background of the study America is currently in the midst of a tremendous economic crisis, with inflation reaching unprecedented and unanticipated levels. This has resulted in a tremendous rise in the cost of living which has made living a challenge to the general public and to the student population in particular as they have limited resources at their disposal. The students, those who are pursuing higher education in colleges and universities outside their home town in particular have to bear the costs of college fees, accommodation, living expenses and other courseware...In such a situation the rise in cost of essential items such as gasoline, electricity negatively impacts the quality of their studies. For the greater majority of students, borrowing money from banks has become a necessity to fund for their college and university education. On average, students in the US now graduate with at least $21,000 in debt and in some extreme circumstances students graduate with $100,000 in debt or more. Tuition fees at private colleges and universities have gone up tremendously - far ahead of inflation. Parents are losing jobs or their salaries are reduced as a result of the economic crisis. Thus the amount that parents can contribute towards their children's education is decreasing. This means that a greater number of students are dependent on loans for their college and university education. Every student who is currently attending or applying to college currently is horrified by what is going on in the financial markets. Things such as bonds for student loans are affected as a result. There will be a direct impact on student borrowings that will most likely be affected by the current financial crisis.

Create atmosphere Essay Example for Free

Create atmosphere Essay Media Studies Assignment: In Extract from Die Another Day analyse the way in which director Lee Tamaton has used the following to create atmosphere The scene that I will be analysing is the Ice Chase scene in which Zao the villain is chasing James Bond on the ice lake- as his aim is to rescue his lover played by Halle Berry which Zao is trying to prevent. The audience is taken in the scene with an opening aerial shot of Bond in the Aston and Zao in the Jaguar as they are on the chase. With the use of non-diegetic sound of fast car music and diegetic sound of car screeching that the director implements reflects the rush and anxiety of both rivals on the chase to kill. The director cuts from long sweeping aerial shots to medium shots which is used to emphasize on the car movements following into close up shots of both characters. This is used so the audience can see the expressions of both characters where James has a straight face which emphasises on his intelligence, confidence and collective attitude towards his fast movements whereas we see a contrast of Zaos disfurged expressions which portray a evil and reactive ability of his nature to kill this adds tension towards the sequence of adventure displayed leaving the audience in suspense of what to expect from the two challenging opponents. As the audience is exposed with cuts of medium between long and close-up shots help to give the sequence balance keeping the audience focused on the main characters and excited until they are at the edge of their seats. As music gets faster and louder the acceleration of the car then slows down this crescendo is emphasised so that the audience focuses on the actions of bond and Zao in the car. Therefore this relates to their techniques of immediacy needed where the use of tracking shots are employed so the audience can see both characters taking advantage of firing missals, rockets and gunshots at each other continuously engineered by their cars. Their high powered gadget packed sports cars relates to the familiar trademark used in bond films. The cross cutting of the three stories where Halle is trying to escape inside of the ice mountain and the other scene from space creates suspense. These different editing speeds of fast motion and then the slow down of motion in between the different shots draws attention to the audience the main features of action which is the ice chase scene. At the part where Bonds car is upside down Zao locks onto fire a heat seeker with the use of computer system Bond presses his ejected seat where the audience see the pivoting of the car upwards in seconds just before the rocket whizzes by this illustrates to the audience that bond is a precise professional alert man and this is a moment where the natural trait of perfection of Bond is demonstrated. This part of the scene brings the audience to a calm feeling after the climax has been minimised by Bonds careful reactions. The directors use of stunts from the heat sensors, computer time bombs and missals are conventions expected in Bond films as this leads to dramatic climax of action and leaves the audience burning with excitement of what it going to happen next and gives more realism to the culture of the scene. The diegetic sound of these properties adds realism and an exciting atmosphere within the scene as the tracking shot employs the captive fast action of these elements. As James is in his car the denotation of his dress code which is black suit and sleek hair connotes to the audience his natural charisma and precise movements against his rival. This is another convention of Bonds styles in his films. Whereas the villain is dressed sporty and this signifies a thugged out style and a man who spontaneously thinks who is fast and dangerous but cannot outsmart Bond. Natural light is used to portray the cold, edgy atmosphere surrounded by ice elements of rocks and the lake; this creates an unbalanced atmosphere of a calm bright vista which is irony to the action portrayed in the scene. The use of back projection of ice rocks adds realism of natural tranquillity and isolates the two characters within the scene Computer generated images are used as the audience is shown a cut in space where the light from satellite reflects directly on the outer edges of the ice palate. The director uses this method to create a pattern of expectations throughout the film and leaves the audience in tension of dangerous consequences that could occur from this. The director portrays a long shot at the ending of the sequence, where the audience visualise Bond in the Aston speeding with Zao in the Jaguar following him. This is portrayed so that the audience capture the speed and density of driving on the blue colouring spread on the ice lake to give a glossy real effect where the shot also adds distance and a cold wiery atmosphere that Bond escapes from in which the scene ends. My conclusion of Tamatons use of spectacular physical action in the Ice chase scene of explosions, chases and battles adds to the narrative of the story and the deployment of state-of -art special effects to emphasis in performance on athletic feats and stunts. This has been a conventional trend from the 1980s and a dominant trend in the 1990. Therefore these natural conventions in the scene that Tamaton has used create the expected atmosphere of unprediction and tension that builds up playing on these important elements. This is why the Ice lake scene has given a cold exciting thrilling atmosphere and exhilaration to the audiences expectations from the beginning and the ending of the scene.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Renewable Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Renewable Energy Environmental Sciences Essay This work will represent opinions and thoughts of different scientists, sociologists and politics related to the most discussing topic now days, renewable sources of energy. Lets go back in time hundred thousand years ago when our yet not developed ancestors noticed that fire can be used in many purposes. It was the first energy source. Fossil fuels are the main representative of non-renewable energy group and wind, water, solar power is renewable group, because they are unlimited and can be easily recycled. Major concern in the world is that fossil fuel usage produce dramatically huge emission. President of the United States claimed in his speech to United Nations that Were investing billions to capture carbon pollution so that we can clean up our coal plants(President Obama, 2010). Many debates have occurred since people started to think about future and became threatened that fossil fuels can just go out of stock one day, more over such things as wind miles, solar power panels wer e represented to the world, so the solution is already exist for problem of pollution and destroying environment due to the incredible industrial consumption of energy. However economical question has arisen. This type of technologies is very expensive now, but on other hand the price on them would never be reduced without using it. At present days it is possible to see how this usage of these technologies started to accelerate. Many people and different companies started to apply green energy technologies in their life. For example here in Dubai 80% of the water heated ether by natural sun light, heating the tank on the roof or again by the power of sun light but now, recycled in to the pure electric energy using solar power panels installed on the top of the roof. Consequence of this is that emission made to the air is reduced, in addition once this panel is installed company or person can save money because it has its own resource of hot water. However there is a bad side of any good. Wind mile is dependent on wind and solar power is dependent on sun. Yet it is decidable question which can easily be solved by accumulating energy in battery packs in case of emergency, or transferring energy from sunny and windy regions to others. How sad president of Russia Medvedev: The environment and the economy do not contradict each other. A properly functioning economy is an environmentally friendly economy. (President Medvedev, 2010) WIND POWER The most important characteristic that determines the energy value of wind it is speed. Due to a number of meteorological factors (disturbance of the atmosphere, changes in solar activity, the amount of heat energy reaching the Earth, and other causes) and also due to the influence of relief conditions continuous duration of the wind in the area, its speed and direction vary randomly. Therefore, the power that can produce wind-setting at different times, one can predict with a very low probability. At the same time, the total production of the unit, especially over a long period of time can be calculated with high accuracy, since the average wind speed and frequency of the velocity distribution within a year or season change little. Airflow, as well as any moving body, has the energy of motion, or the reserve of kinetic energy. The latter with wind turbine or other working body is transformed into mechanical energy. Depending on the purpose of wind turbine mechanical energy by means of actuators (generators, compressors, electrolytic, etc.) can be converted into electricity, heat or mechanical energy, as well as the energy of compressed air. The principle of wind power is simple: the wind turns the blades of a windmill, driving the shaft generator. The generator in turn produces electrical energy. It turns out that wind power work, how toy cars on batteries, only the principle of their action is opposite. Instead of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, wind energy is converted into electrical current. SOLAR POWER Solar energy the use of sunlight to generate energy in any form. Solar power uses a renewable source of energy and the potential to become environmentally friendly that is not generating hazardous waste. The advantages of using solar energy: 1) Accessibility and inexhaustible source (the sun). 2) Theoretically, the complete security to the environment (but currently in production of solar cells and in themselves harmful substances are used). Now solar energy is widely used in cases where the inaccessibility of other energy sources combined with an abundance of solar radiation justifies its cost. Sun. Source of life and hard killer, giving the chance to be born and grow up every living organism on Earth for several billion years. Seriously about technology taming of sunlight people began to think only in the last century. Currently, solar power plants are built mainly of two types: Solar power tower and solar power distributed (modular) type. In the solar power tower central receiver used with a field of heliostats, provides a degree of concentration in a few thousand. System for tracking the sun is much more complicated since it requires rotation around two axes. The system is controlled by the computer. As a working body in the heat engine is commonly used steam temperatures up to 550  ° C, air and other gases up to 1000  ° C, low-boiling organic liquids (including freon) up to 100  ° C, liquid metal coolant up to 800  ° C. DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Solar power: Because of the relatively small magnitude of solar constant for solar energy requires the use of large areas of land for power plants (for example, 1-GW power plants it could be several tens of square kilometers). However, this drawback is not so great (for example, hydropower output from the use of much larger tracts of land). In addition, photovoltaic cells on the large solar power plants installed at a height of 1,8-2,5 m, which allows the use of land for power plants for agricultural purposes, such as for grazing. The problem of finding large areas of land for solar power is solved in the case of the solar balloon stations, suitable for both terrestrial and maritime and for high-rise home. The flow of solar energy on Earths surface is strongly dependent on latitude and climate. In various places the average number of sunny days per year can vary greatly. Technical problems: 1) Solar power does not work at night and not effectively work in the morning and evening twilight. The peak power consumption falls on the evening. In addition, power plants can dramatically and unexpectedly fluctuate because of changing weather. 2) The high cost of solar cells. Probably with the development of technology will overcome this shortcoming. In 1990-2005 prices for solar cells decreased on average by 4% a year. 3) Lack of efficiency of solar cells. 4) The surface of the graphic panels should be cleaned from dust and other contaminants. With their area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹several square kilometers of it can cause difficulties. 5) The efficiency of photovoltaic cells decreases significantly when heated, so there is a need to install cooling systems, usually water. 6) After 30 years of operation, the efficiency of photovoltaic cells begins to decline. Wind power: Wind energy plants produce two types of noise: Mechanical noise noise from the operation of mechanical and electrical components (for modern wind power is virtually absent, but is significant in the older models of wind turbines) Aerodynamic noise the noise from the interaction of wind flow with the blades installed (amplified during the passage of blades past the tower of wind turbines) In the vicinity of wind turbines in the axis of wind turbine noise level are sufficiently large wind turbines can exceed 100 dB. An example of such design errors is a wind turbine Grovian. Because of the high noise level setting worked about 100 hours and was dismantled. Laws adopted in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark, restrict the noise level of running wind power plant of up to 45 dB in daytime and 35 dB at night. Minimum distance from installation to homes 300 m. Low frequency vibrations transmitted through the soil, causing significant jitter windows in homes at a distance of 60 m from the megawatt-class wind turbines. Population of bats living near the wind farm on the order of magnitude more vulnerable than the population of birds. Near the ends of turbine blades, a region of reduced pressure, and a mammal which has got into it, gets barotraumas. Over 90% of the bats found near wind turbines find signs of internal hemorrhaging. According to the explanation of scientists, the birds have a different structure of the lungs, and therefore more resistant to sudden changes in pressure and suffer only from a direct collision with the blades of wind turbines. In contrast to conventional thermal power plants, wind farms do not use water that can significantly reduce pressure on water resources. Metallic structures wind turbines, especially items in the lobes, can cause significant interference to radio reception. The larger the wind turbine, the more noise it can create. In some cases, to solve the problem have to install additional repeaters. CONCLUSION Undeniable role of energy in maintaining and further follows the development of civilization. In modern society it is difficult to find at least one area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹human activity sequence, which is not required to directly or indirectly tively more energy than it can give a human muscles. During the existence of our civilization many times a change of traditional energy sources for new, more sophisticated. And not because the old source was exhausted. The sun shone and warmed man always: and yet once people have tamed the fire began to burn wood. Then the wood has given way to the stone coal. Timber resources seemed limitless, but steam engines required more nutritious food. But this was just a stage. Coal will soon yield its leadership in energy markets petroleum. And here is a new milestone in our days leading fuels are still oil and gas. But for every new cubic meters of gas or a ton of oil to go farther north or east, dig deeper into the ground. It is no wonder that oil and gas will be from year to year cost us all more expensive. In pursuit of an excess of energy a person deeper into elemental world of natural phenomena and to some pores are not really thought about the consequences of their deeds and acts. But times have changed. Now new significant step the earths energy. There was energy, gentle. Constructed so that people do not cut down the branch on which it sits. Concerned about the protection of already heavily damaged biosphere. Undoubtedly, in future, in parallel with a line of intensive energy development will have extensive rights of citizenship and an extensive line of: non-point sources of energy are not too much power, but with high efficiency, environmentally friendly, easy to handle. Energy accumulates very quickly, assimilates and incorporates all the newest ideas, inventions and scientific achievements. This is understandable: energy is associated with literally everything, and all drawn to power, depends on it. Labyrinths of power. Mysterious passages, narrow, winding trail. Full of puzzles, obstacles, unexpected insights, wailing grief and losses, joys and triumphs of clicks. Thorny, is not easy, continuous energy path of humanity. But we believe that we are on the way to an era of energy abundance, and that all the hurdles, obstacles and difficulties will be overcome. The story of energy may be infinite, innumerable alternative forms of its use, provided that we have to develop that are effective and economical methods. Not so important, what is your opinion about the needs of energy, sources of energy, its quality, and cost? We probably should just accept the fact that the scientist said the sage, whose name remains unknown: There are no simple solutions, only intelligent choices.